Like any developer, you are constantly developing. You are learning new technologies by reading books, watching online lessons, attending some courses, and so on and so forth. You know that if you stop learning, you become uncompetitive. But have you ever thought about your performance? How do you improve that? If you don't know how to answer than welcome under the cut.

Level 0 — Сonquer The Fear

Touch typing

This post is not about touch typing. Nevertheless, this is the first answer to the question above. To understand the rest of this article you have to manage touch typing.

VIM Intro

In this post, I will tell you how to improve your coding speed, how to navigate in code faster and how to get rid of your computer mouse. We will talk about VIM (the best text editor known to the human kind). In unskilful hands, it is just an awkward text editor, and no one knows how to exit from it. But actually, it is highly configurable text editor (or plugin to almost any IDE) which is built to allow you to manage your code in the most efficient way. VIM is not just a text editor. Not to seem crazy, but imagine that you do not code, you speak with a computer. So your coding process may be built in the following monologue:

here I will type: string text = file.ReadAll();
create an empty line above this one
move all lines with TODO comments to the end of this file
navigate to the function GetDirectoryFiles and copy all its content
navigate to that "if" statement and replace its content with the text from the buffer
center this line in the middle of the screen

But if you want to dance, you have to pay the piper. To "speak" with VIM you have to learn the language which has its own nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. That is why VIM does not have shortcuts, it has sentences (e.g. change inner tag). When you learn the basics of this language you will be able to combine your own sentences depending on what you are going to do. Afterwhile you will understand that you don't need your mouse anymore.

It is not easy to start learning this language because all its components should become your habit. And it is a painful challenge to yourself which can take at least 2 weeks, so think twice before you start. But if you overcome it, you will open a new world of your code managing.

The primary benefit of quick data entry is not the time saved in data entry per second, but the increased chance that your hands can keep up with your brain.

Level 1 — Survive

The most distinctive feature of VIM is that it has modes. We can define the main four of them:

Normal mode — here you can type text commands and do navigation. To enter this mode press ESC
Insert mode — in this mode you can type text as in other editors. To enter this mode press i
Visual mode — here you can select text. To enter this mode press v
Command mode — editor commands (like save, open, etc.). To enter this mode press :

Also, you have to learn basic navigation which works in a normal mode. Forget about arrows because they are slow to work with. When you are typing, your fingers are usually placed in the middle of your keyboard. Left hand on asdf and right hand on jkl;. And usually, you are navigating in your code up/down and rarely left/right (later we will speak about navigation within the line). So navigation in VIM is the following:

down — j (looks like a down arrow)
up — k
left — h
right — l

To get used to the basic movement you can play VIM Adventures game. Actually, this is all you have to know to get started. So, install vim plugin on your favorite IDE and practice. Keep in mind, it is gonna be hard.

Level 2 — Confidence

Ok, you decided to learn VIM and this is awesome. Let's make sure you are doing it right. Your fingers got used to hjkl navigation and you also know how to change modes from one to another. If it is true, so you are ready.

Getting insert mode

You know you can enter this mode by pressing i on a keyboard. Let's think that i stands for insert as insert text before the cursor. You can also press a which stands for append as append text after the cursor. It is easy to intensify these commands by changing the case, so the result would be the following: I inserts text before the first non-blank in the line and A appends text at the end of the current line.

To make your future work more pleasant you have to know command o which appends a new blank line after the current and O which does the same but before the current line.

These are the most often used insert mode-switching commands in VIM. If you adjust to hjkl navigation it will take a couple of days to get used to these commands. The more you sweat in training, the less you bleed in war.

Normal mode

Before we start to learn VIM language we should also improve our navigation skills. In this question command f (stands for find) will help us. This command is used to navigate within the current line. You type f and a letter to which you want to move the cursor. fP moves the cursor from the current position to the first occurrence of letter P. You can power up this command to F which does the same but changes the search direction.

VIM language

Now it is the time to become a crazy geek. You should "speak" with VIM in the normal mode. Firstly, let's consider some constructions of VIM language:

Nouns:
w — word
s — sentence
p — paragraph
b — (block/parentheses)
t — tag
{, }, (, ), [, ] — braces
", ' — quotes

Verbs:

v — visualize
c — change (delete text and switch VIM into insert mode)
d — delete and copy (delete text and does not change VIM mode)
y — yank (means copy)

Adverbs:

i — inside
a — around
t — till
f — till (inclusive)

Pay attention that these commands may work by itself not as you expect. Moreover, when you create a VIM sentence, it should be sufficient and all constructions should be on their place, otherwise, you will get another result. Now let's create some easy VIM sentences as an example:

ciw — change inside word — deletes the whole word under cursor and switches to insert mode, unlike cw which deletes a word from cursor to the end of this word.
cis — change inside sentence.
ci" — change inside " brace — deletes all text between " braces.
da} — delete around } brace — deletes all text inside curly braces including them.
vip — visual inside paragraph — selects all paragraph.
ctp — change till p — delete everything from here to the letter p.

VIM sentence command

To expand your VIM language right now I suggest you learn new VIM construction — number modifier. Let's consider the following code:

function foo() {
    function bar() {
        // some code here
    }
}

And you want to remove all code inside {} of foo function. Using number modifier it is easy to do. Just type 2ci{ — change inside curly braces 2 times.

VIM sentence command

Number modifier works not only in sentences but it works almost everywhere:

5j — moves the cursor down 5 times.
2fK — moves the cursor to the second occurrence of litter k in the line.
2iHello <ESC> — insert Hello 2 times.

Be persistent

As you learn VIM you will find some new language constructions and expand your VIM language. Day by day it would be easier to "speak" with VIM. All the commands and language constructions are tightly coupled and created to maximize your performance, and it is proved by more than 20 years of VIM existence.

Level 3 — Mastering

You are on the way to become a VIM master. As you may found, this is not so easy to learn VIM. When you feel the power in your hands using VIM, you will want something more and this is what this part about. All topics are discovered superficially in order to let you decide what you want.

VIM is not an IDE

Yeah, VIM is not an IDE despite that you can setup it to perform almost all IDE functions. I am sure you won't leave your favorite Visual Studio or WebStorm and that is why I prepared the list of plugins for your IDE and not only.

VSVim for VisualStudio
VS VIM for VSCode
IdeaVim for WebStorm, IntelliJ IDEA (and other Jetbrains products)
Sublime text has Vintage mode out of the box
Vim mode for Atom
XVim for XCode
Hardcore! Do not repeat this at home! Google Chrome also has extensions for VIM-like navigation. (find it in Chrome Store)

Still, you have to keep in mind that the maximum performance can be achieved by using just VIM. Basically, it is suitable for small js/html/css projects, editing configuration files or just as a replacement of your notepad++ :)

VIM plugins

VIM has thousands of plugins for any caprice. Here you can find almost everything you want from file explorer and git integration to the build systems.

One of my favorite plugins is EasyMotion. It was created to speed up your navigation in VIM. EasyMotion is very sophisticated and deeply integrated within VIM philosophy. For example, if you just want to navigate to a specific line behind the current one, you can do this by pressing j key several times. In comparison, with EasyMotion you can press leader key (in my case TAB) and j to highlight all the lines behind with different letters. All that has left to do is to press the letter which represents the line you need.

EasyMotion

In my case, I pressed TAB key and ju to navigate to the appropriate line. It was the easiest example and as usual, in the world of VIM, you can craft almost any command according to your needs.

Mappings

This feature I decided to consider separately. You may think about mapping as key bindings for all modes. That is to say, you can bind some pattern to perform some actions in different modes.

So let's look at the easy and real example. Almost every person who works in VIM does not change the mode from insert to normal by pressing ESC. We are doing it by pressing jj or jk because we have the following mapping: :imap jj<ESC>. imap stands for insert mode mapping and means that it works only in insert mode.

You can map everything you want to do and this will save your time in future. Read more about mapping here.

VIM features

There are a lot of things to learn in VIM besides the features mentioned above. You definitely should pay attention to the following list:

global commands
search and replace
macros and registers
buffers
tabs
indents and foldings
autocommands

They may exist in other development tools, but this is VIM. Day by day you will wonder how brilliant all these things are constructed. Check it out to make sure.

Configuration

There are a lot of VIM settings which have to be stored somewhere in order to use the same settings for all editors with VIM plugin. And this is the responsibility of the .vimrc file. By default, in Windows 10 this file is located in C:\Users\%username%. Here you can set up all mappings, autocommands, plugins, color scheme, and all other settings. I've found pretty good article how to set up your own .vimrc file so you can practice by yourself.

Note: Don't put any lines in your .vimrc that you don't understand

Awesome VIM courses:

Master Yoda

May the VIM be with you.

Vim for beginners