Праздничный биатлон

with scores as(
       select 1 id, 'Ivan' name, 8 score from dual union all
       select 2,    'Stepan',   10       from dual union all
       select 3,    'Irina',     3       from dual union all
       select 4,    'Vasily',    7       from dual union all
       select 5,    'Vladimir',  9       from dual union all
       select 6,    'Svetlana', 10       from dual union all
       select 7,    'Valentin',  9       from dual union all
       select 8,    'Bla',       0       from dual 
     )
select name
     , score
     , dense_rank() over(order by score desc) as PLACE
from scores
order by score desc

Stepan   10	1
Svetlana 10	1
Valentin  9	2
Vladimir  9	2
Ivan      8	3
Vasily    7	4
Irina     3	5
Bla       0	6

import Data.List
 
dividedBy :: Int -> String -> Bool
dividedBy _ [] = False
dividedBy n b = case read b of
0 -> False
x -> n `mod` x == 0 && n /= x
 
dividers :: Int -> Int
dividers n = length . filter (dividedBy n). subsequences . show $ n

Без остатка 1938 делится на четыре из этих подчисел: 1, 3, 13 и 38.

n = 1938
s = str(n)
r = set()
for a in range(len(s)):
    for b in range(len(s)-a):
        num = int(s[a:a+b+1])
        if not n % num:
            r.add(num)
print len® - 1

number = 1938.to_s
unpack_string = ""
number.length.times do |num|
  unpack_string += "@#{num}aa*" unless num+1 == number.length
  unpack_string += "@0a#{num}" unless num < 2
end
p (number.unpack(unpack_string) - ["0"]).find_all{|element|number.to_i%element.to_i==0}.count

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(a.Name)
FROM players AS a
INNER JOIN players AS b
  ON a.Score = b.Score
GROUP BY a.Score, b.Name
ORDER BY a.Score DESC
LIMIT 2,1;

with
 t as (select 1938 as num from dual),
 tt as (select level lev, num from t connect by level <= length(to_char(num)))
select
 count(
  case when mod(t1.num, substr(to_char(t1.num), t1.lev, length(to_char(t1.num)) - t1.lev + 1 - t2.lev + 1)) = 0
   then 1 end)
from
 tt t1,
 tt t2
where
 t2.lev <= length(to_char(t1.num)) - t1.lev + 1
 and substr(to_char(t1.num), t2.lev, length(to_char(t1.num)) - t1.lev + 1-t2.lev+1)!= t1.num

* This source code was highlighted with Source Code Highlighter.

var data = [
"0110",
"0000",
"0001",
"0000"
];

function calc(row){
  var res = 0;
  return !!row.replace(/1/g, function(m, i){ 
    res += calc(data[i]);
  }) + res;
}

for (var i = 0, row, result = 0; row = data[i++];)
  result += calc(row);

alert(result); // вывод результата, выдаст 8

var data = [
"0110",
"0000",
"0001",
"0000"
];

alert(data.reduce(function calc(res, row){
  return !!row.replace(/1/g, function(m, i){ 
    res = calc(res, data[i]);
  }) + res;
}, 0));  // выдаст 8

  var num = String(1938);
  var result = -1;

  for (var e = num.length; e; e--)
    for (var s = 0; s < e; s++)
      result += num % num.substring(s, e) == 0;
  
  alert(result);

<code class="python">n = 1938
r = lambda x, y: r(0, x) + r(x[1:], 0) if x else int(n % int(y) == 0 if int(y) else 0) + r(0, y[:-1]) if y else 0
print r(str(n), 0) - 1</code>

#include <iostream>

int GetRating(std::string *Data, int index)
{
    int rate = 1;
    for (int i =0; i<Data[index].size(); i++)
        if(Data[index][i] == '1')
            rate+=GetRating(Data, i);

    return rate;
}

void main()
{
    std::string srcData[]={"0110", "0000", "0001", "0000"};
    int rate=0;
    for(int i=0; i < (sizeof(srcData)/sizeof(srcData[0])) ; i++)
        if(srcData[i]=="0000")
            rate++;
        else
            rate+=GetRating(srcData,i);
    std::cout << rate;
}

(define (calc tbl)
  (define (rating str)
    (apply + 1
           (map (λ (x) (rating (list-ref tbl (car x))))
                (regexp-match-positions* "1" str))))
  (apply + (map rating tbl)))

(calc '("0110" "0000" "0001" "0000"))